Herbicide management is at the heart of farmers' concerns. There is a strong need for references in a context where the number of active ingredients is decreasing, resistance is developing and climate change is having an impact on weed dynamics and intervention times.

Following on from the XpeGE 0 project, which tested systems without phytosanitary products, Herbi1&NoPhy is based on less risk-taking for farmers and supply chains: the use of herbicides is a low priority, well after agronomic levers - but not excluded - and the use of other phytosanitary products is circumvented by technical choices.

The evaluation of this new project should make it possible to measure the technical and economic consequences of very drastically reducing the use of phytosanitary products, with a view to adapting systems to climate change, based on the notion of diversity (species, varieties, tillage, sowing periods, etc.).

The aim of this experimentation and transfer project is to consolidate, build up and disseminate references on field crop and mixed farming systems, with a marked break in the use of phytosanitary products adapted to the context of climate change. It is based on a strong technical partnership between research, development, teaching and farmers.

The experimental sites (2 platforms and 10 observatories) will test annual cropping systems that represent a major break with the past, using all available agronomic, genetic, mechanical and biocontrol levers, with minimal use of herbicides and the use of other products only when absolutely necessary.

The aim of the project is to create benchmarks for low-use phytosanitary practices. Estimating the technico-economic impact, the consequences in terms of equipment investment or working time, and assessing the acceptability of these systems to farmers through controlled observatories are the results expected from the project to help farmers adopt these systems.

Intermediate crops, grown between two cash crops and not harvested, can provide many ecosystem services, provided they establish quickly to compete with weeds and produce a good quantity of biomass. The main hypothesis of the RICIN project is that some species establish better than others when sown in summer under non-optimal conditions (water stress, coarse seedbed with or without mulch).

To test this hypothesis, a dozen species belonging to four major families (Poaceae, Fabaceae, Hydrophyllaceae and Brassicaceae), little or not studied to date, will be identified and compared on the basis of their seed and seedling characteristics, as well as their tolerance to water stress and mechanical constraints.

Low- and high-throughput phenotyping of the intermediate crops studied will provide knowledge for performance optimization. In addition to producing scientific and technical resources, the project will enable the development of a decision-making tool, as well as increasing the possibility of collaborations with (in particular) seed companies on this front of research represented by the characterization of the heterotropic growth of intermediate crops.

The project aims to gain a better understanding of the factors affecting the successful establishment of intermediate crops. Ricin's main hypothesis is that some species of these crops establish better than others when sown in summer under non-optimal conditions (water stress, coarse seedbed with or without mulch).

Thus, the project aims to acquire ecophysiological knowledge on a dozen species linked to heterotrophic growth (seed germination and seedling emergence) through a comparative ecophysiology study in order to better understand their ability to establish, particularly under limiting water conditions.

It also aims to determine the potential link between establishment quality and biomass production potential under contrasting management conditions (different sowing methods, irrigation regimes, sowing depth, etc.).

It will also enable us to propose the development of an OAD to trigger sowing by taking into account the cumulative rainfall required for emergence, depending on the species and soil condition (structural and hydric).

• Production of ecophysiological data on the heterotrophic growth (seed germination and seedling emergence) of 9 canopy species, under contrasting environmental conditions (hydric and mechanical stress).
• Identification and prioritization of factors influencing planting quality at 3 experimental sites.
• Creation of a prototype decision-support tool.

In order to guarantee the establishment of a local legume supply chain, the FILEG project's stakeholders wanted to understand the constraints of the various players at every link in the chain. FILEG PULSE PROCESS proposes to focus in particular on secondary processing (the last link before the consumer) to better understand the constraints and specifications put in place by secondary processors, and thus promote industrial outlets for local legume production.

• To perpetuate legume production in Occitanie, the keystone of a sustainable and responsible production model, by drawing up contracts of trust between upstream and downstream players. This project will focus on the human food outlet for lentils and chickpeas.
• Identify and characterize the diversity of technological aptitudes of legume species and varieties to undergo an industrial process through the implementation of a standardized protocol.

• Identify and characterize the diversity of technological aptitudes of legume species and varieties for industrial processing.
• Set up standardized protocols with objective criteria to assess the suitability of legumes for processing by the canning industry.